Alternating-current electrical apparatus.



PATENTBD MAY 14, 1907. F. CONRAD & w. M. BRADSHAW. ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 27. 1904. RENEWED JAN. 26, 1905.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1 iNVENTORS WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY (QM 6. 6M

No/853,226. FATENTED-M Y 14, 1907. P. CONRAD & W. M. BRADSHAW. j

ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAY 27. 1904. RENEWED IAN.26,1905.

a SHEETSSHEET 2;

WITNESSES I -61 INVENTORS 6ZV:Z%%W ham M a/ 441% I I Q4, 0. 6% I 4 TTORNEY' No. 858,226. I PATENTED MAY 14, 1907 P. CONRAD & W. M. BRADSHAW.

ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 27. 1904. RENEWED JAN.2G.1905. I

s smmsas'n'nm 3.

WITNESSES: 1 VENTORS @uossw. r TTORNEY FRANK counsel or I WHJKINSBURG PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORS snonwoon PARK; AND IL IA u; BR SHAW,

True eivuuuriicrnnino COMPANY, A. conrona'riou jrnutsrt- VANIA.

No. ceases.

To all whom it rmty concern;

Beit known that We, FRANK Goxniln and WILLIAM; M. BRADSHAW, citizens of the United States, and residents, respectively, of Edgewood Park and of Vv'ilkinsburg, i the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsyl- Vania, have invented a new and usefullmprovement in Alternating-Current Electrical Apparatus. of which the telle ing is a specification. v 4 Our invention relates to means for transforming alternating current electrical energy into mechanical energy, and particularly to electrical measuring instruments embodying eral application.

Our invention has for its object to provide an. instrument of the character indicatedwhich shall be simple and compact in con- 2o struc'tion and e'flicient in operation and. in which a sufliciently high torque shall be exerted upon the. rotatable member to insure substantially accurate measurement or" the energy of distributing systems throughsuch means, though susceptible of more genout a wide range of variation in the loads upon such systems, when utilized for ineasurrug such energy.

A further object or our invention is to provide an instrument which shall be accurate in operation on a circuit of any power factor,

' and, which shall'insure the required condition of exact quadrature relation between the current and the electromotive force fluxes in the instrument in simple and 3 5 'eflicient manner.

If our instrument is utilized. in a registering meter, the rate of rotation of the armature may be maintained almost exactly proportional-to the amount of energy traversing the circuit by means of a simple, easily adjustable and novel device which compensates for the friction between its relatively.

movable parts. y

Our invention is illustrated in the accom- 5 anying drawings, which Figure 1 a ace vi6i "0f c. instrument constructed in accordance tl ..ewith. Fig. Zis a view -in' section, on 1 is 11-41 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic View showing the instrument 5o properly connected to a distributing cn urt.

Fig. 4 is a View, in section, on line IV- .r 7 of Fig: 2, showing only the operating parts or Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed. May 27, 1904. Renewed January 26,1905. seen No. 242.735.

vgated slots 2 Patented Mayll, 1907 "'EUIDGIIt, and Fig. 5 is a side View of the operating parts of the instrument.

The iron core 1 comprises laminae of the proper form clamped together between a plate 2 of any suitable material and a frame 3, preferably of magnetic material, which supports the core and. the operating parts of the meter. The core comprises a main frame ofbody portion of approximately rectangular shape having an inwardly projecting; pole piece 4 at one side for the shunt Winding 5, two inwardly projecting pole pieces 6 at the opposite side for the series winding Y, and two pieces 8 and 9 that project inwarlilly to the pole pieces a and 6. Air ga )S 10 and ll of the proper width are formed between the projections 8 and 9 and the main pole piece 4, these air gaps being of curved form,

for a purpose which will be hereinafter specified. The faces of the pole pieces 6 are respectivelyopposite the air gapslO and 1-1 and the air gap formed between the faces of the 'pole pieces 6 and the face of the pole piece +l is substantially at right angles to the air gaps 10 and 11.

Mounted 'upona shaft 1.2- Which is journaled in suitable bearings 13 and 14, isa d1sk from. the ends, at rigl'it angles" 15of any suitable conductin material which I projects into the air gap bet een the faces of the pole pieces 4 and 6, the number of revolutions made by the dislr being registered upon a dial bypointers 17 connected, through a train of gears 18, to the shaft 12.

In order to govern the rotation of the disk [l5 and cause its speed to be proportional to the amount of energy traversing the circuit, we provide two permanent magnets 19 of such form as to most satisfactorily perform the desired function and, at the same time, permit of simple and compact construction. The magnets are supported by brackets 20 which are secured to the framework 3 by set screws 21 and are adjustable parallel to the disk by means of the set-screws and elonin the brackets through which ect. I v

acting exact quadrature relahe two magnetic fields Whei'i ""cuits having a the sores-s pi Means for tion between the n or n r i surrounds a part of theshunt flux thatcrosses 'the gap 10, that side of the shunt-magnet pieces 42 and 6;

'allel with the disk and adjacenttliereto,

the position of which is radially adjustable with respect to the disk so as to intercept nlore or less of the flux between the pole This-plate 23 is supported by a bar 24 having laterally-bent and slotted ends which are secured, by means of" setscrews 25, to the frame 3. (See Figs. 4 and 5.)

The shunt winding 5 comprises a large number of turns of comparatively small Wire, in

' order that it may produce an int nse magnetization of the pole piece 4. he part of the flux produced by the shunt wind ing traverses the magnetic circuit of relatively lowreluctance through the polar projectionsA, 8 and 9 and the intervening connecting portions and, consequently, effects adisplaceinent'of the current with respect to the electrom'otive force of nearly 90 i The series Winding comprises two "coils 7 so connected that they produce a flux from one pole piece 6 to the other, the greater portion of which passes through the disk 15 and 00- operates with that portion of the shunt flux which passes through the disk to produce a torque upon that member. Exact quadrature relation between those portions of the fluxes produced bythe shunt and the series windings which pass through the disk is at tained, as before described,- bya proper adjustrnent of the plate 23. v

In "order that the -friction between relatively movable parts of instrumentsef this character may not prevent accurate registra tion of the amount of energy supplied to the instrument during a specific interval of time,

we provide a compensating -means which comprises'a closed coil 28 consisting ofaslngle turn of'proper dimensions and of suitable =.conductingmaterialhaving one side 29 lo:-

cated in the air gap 10 which is between the projection 8 and the pole piece 4. The osi I tion of the side 29 in the gap is ad justab e, in

order that the coil may surround more or less Y of the shunt flux across said gap. In order to effect the desired adjustment, the coil is pivotally supported at 30 and is provided with a boss 3l',adjacent to a slot 32 ,inthe frame 3, through which projects-an adjusting and locking set-screw Sincethecoil '28 f pole will have a different fie'ldstrength or a different degree of magnetization from theother side, and by adjusting the coil 28 so that it surrounds more orless of this flux, the differencesin the degrees of magnetization of the-two sides of the pole piece may be soarijusted that thespeed of rotation of'the disk will be increased just-sufficiently to compensate for the r'etardationdue to friction.

In order that the coil 23 111ay have a maximum range of adjustment, the core rojection 9 is provided with a comparative y'high resistance, closed winding 34 of snchpropon -tions that when the side 29 of the coil 28 is greaterapproximate15 in the middle of the gap, 10, the two=sides of-the pole share equally magnetized and no compensation for friction is provided. If the side 29 is moved in-the one direction. from the said middle positionfthe speed of the disk 1.5'willbe increased, and if moved in the opposite direction, the speed will be decreased. r V V All of the above-mentioned parts of the illstrument are mounted in and inclosed' by a suitable case 35 which is provided with a glass plate 36 directly in front'ofthe-dial on which is registered the number of rotations of the disk and with suitable terminals for connecting the meter to the external circuitin'sub stantial accordance with the usual practice;

While we have shown and described our instrument asadapted for registering the;

amount of energy whiehjtraverses a circuit during a specific interval of time, it is evident that without materially altering the essen tial details of the meter it'inay be modified so as to indicate the amountof energy which is traversing the 'eircuit at any instant, or to record theenergyjvalues at'all times. Other details may also'be varied within considerable limits and wedo not wish our invention limited except by such restrictions as may be imposed by the prior art.

' We claim as our invention:

' '1. In an alternating currentmo'tor,'a core com risin amain olar rojection ro'ections of different polarity between whichand the aforesaid pelar projection there are air gaps, and other polar projections having their faces respectively opposite to the said air gaps.

2. In analternlating current motor, the combinationwithlja core comprising a main polar projection, projections of different pc-' larity between which and the aforesaid polar projection there a e air-gaps, and'other polar projections 1having their faces respectively opposite to the said air gaps, of. a closed coil that is partially located in onev of said gaps,

said coil being. adjustable "so as to inclose more'or less of the flux acrossthe gap.

polar projection, projections of different potively opposite tothe'said air gaps, of a closed posite side of the main projections combination'with a core comprising a main polar projection, "projections of different 30- etween which an'dthe aforesaid polar.

larity projection" there are air gaps, and other polar 3. In an alternating current 'motor, the combination with a core comprisinga ma n ance, ch

sea-22c "Hons having. their faces respectively to the said air aps,fof a low resist ed coill'thatis partially located in one of 5 id gaps, means for adjusting said coil; so as to inclose more or oi the, in across the gap, and highresistance, closed coil on the projection at the opposite side of the main projection.

'5. loan alternaing current motor, a mag-.

netic circuit comprising a body portion, a main polar projection at one side, projections at the ends between which and the ai'oresaicil' projection. there are air gaps, and polar pro jections having their respect ly opposite to" the said air gaps;

In an alternating cuie'entniotor, a mag netic circult comprising body portion, a

'main polar projection at oncside, projections at the ends hetweenwhich and the aforesaid projection there are air gaps, and ections having "their faces respecti P()Slt6; .t0 the said arr gaps, in combination with a closed coilthat is partially located 111 one of said air gaps, said coil being ad ustable in order that it may incicse more or less of the flux across the gaps 7.. Inan alterna ing current niot netic circuit corn, rising a body port-lo. main polar projection 0.: side, proje at the ends between which and the aforesaid projection there are air gaps, and polar pro- .jectionshaving their laces re pectively opposite to the-said air gaps, in combination with. a closed coil that-is partially loc ing about the projection which is at the op .posite side of the main'proje'ction.

8. In an alternating current motor, a mag-- netic circuit comprising a trameor body por-.-

tion,'a main polar'projection at one side, pro

jections at the ends between Whichand the sides of the aforesaid main projection there are comparatively small. air gaps, and other polar projection-shaving their ends respectively opposite said small air gaps and separated from the said parts by larger air In an alternating current motor, a magnetic circuit comprising a frame or body portion, a main polar projection at one side,

projections at the, ends between which and the sides of the aforesaid main projection there are comparatively small air gaps, and other polar projections spectively opposite to said small air gaps and separated from. the said parts by alarger air gap, in combination with a. closed c il that is partiailv' located in one of said smallv air gaps, its position being aiiljust-ahle so as to inclose more or less of the flux across the gap.

10. In an alternating current motor, a

magnetic circuit comprising a fra'o'ie or body portion, a ma n polar projection at one side,

or, a niiag which and the mam projection there are an gaps, and polar pro ections for the series 4 ate'dinone of said air gaps, said coil being adjust able in order that it may inclose more or less. of the flux across the gap, and aclosed windhaving their ends reprojections at the ends between which and the sides" of the aforesaid main .projecti-on t-l'l'ere arecomparatively small air gaps, and other polar projections having their ends respectively opposite the said smallair gaps and separatedirom the said parts b a larger. air gap, in combination withajc ose'd coil that is partially located in one of'said small air gaps,'its position bein ad'ustable-so as to incl'ose more or-less of t heflux across the gap, and a closed coil around the projection jection; 11..'-In an alternating current motor, the combination with shunt and series windings, of a core comprising a main polar projection for the shunt Winding, projections between whichand the main projection there are air gaps, er id polar projections having their ends respectively opposite the air gaps and upon which the series coils are located so as to produce a flux from one of the last named pola projections to the other.

12. In an alternating current motor, the combination'with shunt and series windings, of a core comprising a main polar projection for the shrint winding, projections between winding the ends of which are respectively opposite said air gaps; v

13. In an alternating current-motor, the combination with shunt and series windings main-polar projection-for the shunt winding having its face adjacent to the disk, projccs tions parallel with the ,disk between which and the main projection there are air gaps, and polar projections I onthe opposite side of thedisk the faces of which are adjacent to the disk and are respecti-vely opposite the said ai-r'gaps.

14. In an alternating current motor, the

being located from one pole to the other. v

15. In .an alternating currentmotor, the combination with shunt and series windings and a rotatable disk, of a coreoomprising a main polar projection for theishunt winding having its face adjacent 'to the disk, prbjeo tions parallel with the disk between'which and the main projection there are airgaps, polar pro ections for'the series winding, on

which are, adjacent to the disk 'andare rewhich is at the opposite side of the main proand a rotatable disk, of a core comprising a combination with shunt and series windings and a rotatable disk, of a core compris ng afor the series windmg lio the. disk and are respectively, opposite the said. air gc.ps,*tl1e coils of the ser es winding thereon so as to produce a flux the opposite side of the disk'the faces of" spectiyely opposite the said air gaps, and a s ieet of conducting material that is located between the shunt and series polepieces, ad-

jaceintto the disk, and is radially adjustable ,with reference thereto. r

16. In analternating cur rent' motor, the combination with shunt and series windings and ,a rotatable disk, of a core comprising a '-I nain polar projection for the shunt winding in having its face adjacent to thedisk, projections ara'llel with the disk between which and t e main projection there are air gaps, polar projectionsfor the series winding on the opposite side of the disk the faces of r5.which are, adjacent to the disk and are re spectively opposite the said air gaps, and a osed coil that is partially located in one of said air it may intercept more or less' of the flux '29 'across the gap. j

, 17. In an alternating current motor, the

, combination withshunt and series windings anda-rotatable disk, of a core comprising a main polar projection for the shunt winding z5 h aving its face adjacent to the disk, projec: tions parallel with the disk between which and the main projection there are air gaps, 'polarf projections for the series winding on ';the opposite side of the disk the "faces of which are adjacent to the disk and are re' speetively opposite thesai'dair gaps, a closed -coil that is partially located in one of said air gaps and is adjustable in order. that 1t may intercept more or less of the flux across the 3 5 gap, anda closed coil that surrounds the pro- E ection at the opposite side of the main shunt projection; i 18. -In' an alternating current motor, the combination of shunt and series w1nd1ngs,a

4o core having polar projections that are mag--.

ectively by the shunt and by the Y netized res "SQIYIGS win ings, the magnetic circuit for the ssaeee gaps and 1s adjustable in order that shunt winding containing two' air gaps, and a' and a closed-circuit, frictionco1npensatingd'e'vice that is adjustable in position so asto inclose niore'or less of the shunt flux at one of the points ofinterruption.

20. In an alternating current motor, the

combination with shunt and series windings,

of a" magnetic circuit for the shunt winding which is mainly of low reluctance but'which has two high reluctance portions, and a closedcircuit member that is ad 'ustable in position to inclose more orfiless of the shunt flux: across one of the high reluctance portions of the magnetic circuit 21. In :an alternating current motor, the combination with shunt and series windings,

of a'eore having a plurality of polar .projections at least one 0 which is magnetized by v the shunt winding and two others of which are symmetrically located with reference thereto, and means for varying the arnount of shunt flux through .one of said symmetrically located polar projections.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 21st day of May, 1904.

. FRANK CONRAD. W'i'tnesses;

, PAUL MAOGAHAN, "BIRNEY HINES; In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 25th day of May, 1904. WM. M. BRADSHAW,

Witnesses r JosNV. ALEXANDER, BIRNEY HINES. 

